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[47]The significance of this circumstance has been specially emphasized by Michel,Kerullarios Ⅰ,20 ff.and Ⅱ,22 ff.He goes too far,however,in maintaining that there was a schism between the two Churches as early as this period.Criticisms of this view are therefore justified;cf.especially Ⅴ.Laurent,EO 35(1935),97 ff.But it remains true that the rift of 1054 was only the culmination of earlier developments.On the background of the schism cf.also Ⅴ.Grumel,‘Les préliminaires du schisme de Michel Cérulaire ou la Question Romaine avant 1054’,REB 10(1952),5 ff. ↑返回顶部↑